Edmund Fitzgerald may have been swamped, suffered structural failure or topside damage, grounded on a shoal, or suffered from a combination of these. the family didn't tell Brabon's sister, who . November 9. Discovery of the shoal resulted in a change in recommended shipping routes. The rear kept going forward with the engine still running, rolled to port and landed bottom up. Captain Ernest M. McSorley had loaded her with 26,116 long tons of taconite pellets, made of processed iron ore, heated and rolled into marble-size balls. [19], By ore freighter standards, the interior of Edmund Fitzgerald was luxurious. [190] The church continued to hold an annual memorial, reading the names of the crewmen and ringing the church bell, until 2006 when the church broadened its memorial ceremony to commemorate all lives lost on the Great Lakes. They also set records for the deepest scuba dive on the Great Lakes and the deepest shipwreck dive, and were the first divers to reach Edmund Fitzgerald without the aid of a submersible. Conversion to oil fuel and the fitting of automated boiler controls over the winter of 197172. [23] Fitzgerald had attempted to dissuade the naming of the ship after himself proposing the names Centennial, Seaway, Milwaukee and Northwestern. "[107] Cooper went on to say that these two waves, possibly followed by a third, continued in the direction of Edmund Fitzgerald and would have struck about the time she sank. Upon sideways launch, the ship created a large wave that "doused" the spectators and then crashed into a pier before righting herself. [134] Burgner was not asked to testify before the Marine Board of Inquiry. "[178] The company paid compensation to surviving families about 12months in advance of official findings of the probable cause and on condition of imposed confidentiality agreements. The Edmund Fitzgerald left Superior on November 9 for a steel mill in Detroit. The next morning, Jack Borgeson remembers his mother brushing his sister's hair in front of the TV when news came on of the ship's sinking. The Edmund Fitzgerald set numerous records for carrying the most amount of . [177] In addition to the crew, 26,116 long tons (29,250 short tons; 26,535t) of taconite sank along with the vessel. The lake, it is said, never gives up her dead. The USCG Marine Board found that flooding of the hold could not have been assessed until the water reached the top of the taconite cargo. [72], In 1980, during a Lake Superior research dive expedition, marine explorer Jean-Michel Cousteau, the son of Jacques Cousteau, sent two divers from RVCalypso in the first manned submersible dive to Edmund Fitzgerald. [25] On September 22, 1958, Edmund Fitzgerald completed nine days of sea trials. From the beginning of the USCG inquiry, some of the crewmen's families and various labor organizations believed the USCG findings could be tainted because there were serious questions regarding their preparedness as well as licensing and rules changes. The USCG Marine Board issued the following conclusion: The nature of Great Lakes shipping, with short voyages, much of the time in very protected waters, frequently with the same routine from trip to trip, leads to complacency and an overly optimistic attitude concerning the extreme weather conditions that can and do exist. The simulation also showed one in 100waves reaching 36 feet (11m) and one out of every1,000 reaching 46 feet (14m). Her sister ship, the Arthur B. Homer was ordered soon after. It took six minutes to reach the wreck, six minutes to survey it, and three hours to resurface to avoid decompression sickness, also known as "the bends. [132], When Bethlehem Steel Corporation permanently laid up Edmund Fitzgerald's sister ship, SS Arthur B. Homer, just five years after going to considerable expense to lengthen her, questions were raised as to whether both ships had the same structural problems. [155], The USCG had proposed rules for watertight bulkheads in Great Lakes vessels as early as the sinking of Daniel J. Morrell in 1966 and did so again after the sinking of Edmund Fitzgerald, arguing that this would allow ships to make it to refuge or at least allow crew members to abandon ship in an orderly fashion. This water is unable to fully drain away before the second wave strikes, adding to the surplus. [126] Hainault's hypothesis held that this seiche contributed to Edmund Fitzgerald shoaling 200 feet (61m) of her hull on Superior Shoal, causing the hull to be punctured mid-body. YoungPlusJSC. 3 and 4 were covered with mud; one corner of hatch cover No. [164], Concerns regarding Edmund Fitzgerald's keel-welding problem surfaced during the time the USCG started increasing her load line. From the outset, he chose a route that took advantage of the protection offered by the lake's north shore to avoid the worst effects of the storm. Every November 10, the Split Rock Lighthouse near Silver Bay, Minnesota, emits a light in honor of Edmund Fitzgerald. [70], A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft, piloted by Lt. George Conner and equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines, found the wreck on November 14, 1975. [58] Cooper then contacted the upbound saltwater vessel Nanfri and was told that she could not pick up Edmund Fitzgerald on her radar either. The Edmund Fitzgerald was a "Laker" type iron ore bulk freighter launched on June 7, 1958 by the Great Lakes Engineering Works in River Rogue, Michigan for the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company one year after its near sister ship Arthur B. Homer. [194], An uproar occurred in 1995 when a maintenance worker in St. Ignace, Michigan, refurbished the bell by stripping the protective coating applied by Michigan State University experts. [104], A group of three rogue waves, often called "three sisters,"[107] was reported in the vicinity of Edmund Fitzgerald at the time she sank. rushes over the hull, empty of sailors, fills the ship with water. Maritime author Wolff reported that depending on weather conditions, all the clamps were eventually set within one to two days. "[62], Lacking appropriate search-and-rescue vessels to respond to Edmund Fitzgerald's disaster,[62] at approximately 9:00p.m., the USCG asked Arthur M. Anderson to turn around and look for survivors. 2 hatch cover was missing and the coaming on the No. 9 included the notation, "Canadian Areas. [112] Paul Trimble, a retired USCG vice admiral and president of the Lake Carriers Association (LCA), wrote a letter to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) on September 16, 1977, that included the following statements of objection to the USCG findings: The present hatch covers are an advanced design and are considered by the entire lake shipping industry to be the most significant improvement over the telescoping leaf covers previously used for many years The one-piece hatch covers have proven completely satisfactory in all weather conditions without a single vessel loss in almost 40years of use and no water accumulation in cargo holds[113], It was common practice for ore freighters, even in foul weather, to embark with not all cargo clamps locked in place on the hatch covers. [73] The dive was brief, and although the dive team drew no final conclusions, they speculated that Edmund Fitzgerald had broken up on the surface. The launch of the EDMUND FITZGERALD. The ship broke apart on the surface within seconds. 2:39 PM. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald The Story of The Edmund Fitzgerald: The History. He skippered two of the Anderson's three sister ships, the Philip J . Other witnesses later said they swore the ship was "trying to climb right out of the water". . Edmund Fitzgerald's Three Sisters Essay. [9][14] Ramsay concluded that increasing the hull length to 729 feet (222m) resulted in an L/D slenderness ratio (the ratio of the length of the ship to the depth of her structure)[142] that caused excessive multi-axial bending and springing of the hull, and that the hull should have been structurally reinforced to cope with her increased length.[143]. The third incoming wave again adds to the two accumulated backwashes, quickly overloading the deck with too much water. 1966 the "Daniel J. Morrell" sank in another horrific storm in Lake Huron (which so injured the "Morrell's" sister ship, the "Edward Y. Townsend" that it sank . [38], MacInnis led another series of dives in 1995 to salvage the bell from Edmund Fitzgerald. [35] None of these mishaps, however, were considered serious or unusual. 8 and the deck plating was ripped up from the separation to the forward end of hatch No. [48] In a broadcast shortly afterward, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) warned all shipping that the Soo Locks had been closed and they should seek safe anchorage. 138. The flooding occurred gradually and probably imperceptibly throughout the final day, finally resulting in a fatal loss of buoyancy and stability. 1960 Arthur B. Homer 1986. Also, in light of new evidence about what happened, Lightfoot has modified one line for live performances, the original stanza being: When suppertime came the old cook came on deck, [175], Under maritime law, ships fall under the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts of their flag country. "[123] Author Bishop reported that Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes argued that through their support for the shoaling explanation, the LCA represented the shipping company's interests by advocating a hypothesis that held LCA member companies, the American Bureau of Shipping, and the U.S. Coast Guard Service blameless. [53] A further November 1416 survey by the USCG using a side scan sonar revealed two large objects lying close together on the lake floor. that Edmund Fitzgerald was a "wet ship", being that some of her halls and corridors were constantly weeping water and the ship constantly had to run . SS Edmund Fitsgerald sank pludselig d. 10. november 1975 p 160 m vand uden forudgende udsendelse af ndsignal. Over 26K tons of taconite was also on board, causing this shipwreck to be one of the greatest financial . Arthur M. Anderson was also the first rescue ship on the scene in a vain search for Edmund Fitzgerald survivors. [50] Edmund Fitzgerald, effectively blind, slowed to let Arthur M. Anderson come within a 10-mile (16km) range so she could receive radar guidance from the other ship. "[92], Under the Ontario Heritage Act, activities on registered archeological sites require a license. The exact cause of the sinking remains unknown, though many books, studies, and expeditions have examined it. It was laid down on March 18th, 1959 and went onto be launched on November 7th of that same year. [101], In 2005, NOAA and the NWS ran a computer simulation, including weather and wave conditions, covering the period from November 9, 1975, until the early morning of November 11. My apologies for any mispronunciation in the video.My source:https://greatlakesships.wordpress.c. 40 years after Edmund Fitzgerald wreck, crew member's brother shares memories. A series of 16consecutive hatch cover clamps were observed on the No. [100], Extreme weather and sea conditions play a role in all of the published hypotheses regarding Edmund Fitzgerald's sinking, but they differ on the other causal factors. Unfortunately, the final words transmitted from the Edmund Fitzgerald during the early evening of November 10, 1975 inaccurately assessed how the freighter was managing a terrifying storm. Other questions were raised as to why the USCG did not discover and take corrective action in its pre-November 1975 inspection of Edmund Fitzgerald, given that her hatch coamings, gaskets, and clamps were poorly maintained. The hypothesis contended that the wave action continued to damage the hull, until the middle third dropped out like a box, leaving the ship held together by the center deck. [16] Oglebay Norton immediately designated Edmund Fitzgerald the flagship of its Columbia Transportation fleet. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald was a 729-foot freighter plying the Great Lakes for 17 years before it sank Nov. 10, 1975, during a violent storm - 35-foot waves, hurricane-force winds - on Lake Superior. [146] After running computer models in 2005 using actual meteorological data from November 10, 1975, Hultquist of the NWS said of Edmund Fitzgerald's position in the storm, "It ended in precisely the wrong place at the absolute worst time. The events of that night and what happened to the 729-foot freighter are still a mystery to the world. Christened: June 8, 1958. The May 4, 1978, NTSB findings differed from the USCG. Marie, Michigan, with 1 foot (0.3m) of water. [4] The vessel's record load for a single trip was 27,402 long tons (30,690 short tons; 27,842t) in 1969. Shortly after 4:10p.m., McSorley called Arthur M. Anderson again to report a radar failure and asked Arthur M. Anderson to keep track of them. [17] Originally coal-fired, her boilers were converted to burn oil during the 197172 winter layup. It's the last and the largest ship ever lost on the lakes. Her crew of 29 perished, and no bodies were recovered. [107], The "Edmund Fitzgerald" episode of the 2010 television series Dive Detectives features the wave-generating tank of the National Research Council's Institute for Naval Technology in St. John's, and the tank's simulation of the effect of a 17-meter (56ft) rogue wave upon a scale model of Edmund Fitzgerald. "Hull 301" of Great Lakes Engineering Works, River Rouge yard, was christened the Edmund Fitzgerald, and launched and delivered for service later this season. [211] Memorabilia on sale include Christmas ornaments, T-shirts, coffee mugs, Edmund Fitzgerald Porter, videos, and other items commemorating the vessel and its loss. What happened on that fateful night to the ship and the entire 29-man crew? Departing Superior [46] Woodard testified to the Marine Board that he overheard McSorley say, "Don't allow nobody on deck,"[53] as well as something about a vent that Woodard could not understand. It is nearly 64 years since the Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior. While it is true that sailing conditions are good during the summer season, changes can occur abruptly, with severe storms and extreme weather and sea conditions arising rapidly. [114] Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes was dismissive of suggestions that unlocked hatch clamps caused Edmund Fitzgerald to founder. Of the thousands of shipwrecks that fill the Great Lakes, most people can name only one: the Edmund Fitzgerald. Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976, Moose Music, Ltd.) is a tribute to this ship wreck and the men who lost their lives.Some of the lyrics of the song are given below along with descriptions of related events. Karl Peckol, 20, was the youngest . An anchor from Edmund Fitzgerald lost on an earlier trip was recovered from the Detroit River and is on display at the Dossin Great Lakes Museum in Detroit, Michigan. She was found with cracks after the Big Fitz sank and then they scrapped her in 1986, so . [165] The loss of Edmund Fitzgerald also exposed the USCG's lack of rescue capability on Lake Superior. [37] Two widows of crewmen filed a $1.5million lawsuit against Edmund Fitzgerald's owners, Northwestern Mutual, and its operators, Oglebay Norton Corporation, one week after she sank. For other uses, see, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1975, Subsequent changes to Great Lakes shipping practice, The Fitzgerald Theater is not named after the, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, research, development, test, and evaluation, American Society for Testing and Materials, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons, National Transportation Safety Board (1978), "Lost Ships in Canadian Waters Silver Coin Series Continues with SS Edmund Fitzgerald Saga", "Admiralty and Maritime Law Research Guide", "Historical Collections of the Great Lakes: Great Lakes Vessels Online Index", "Detroit Church Broadens Its Scope Marking, "Exhibitions at Dossin Great Lakes Museum", "Orlando, Chicago divers first to touch the wreck of the, "30th anniversary, "The Legend Lives On": Diving the, "Gordon Lightfoot Changes 'Edmund Fitzgerald' Lyrics", "50 Years of Music with Gordon Lightfoot", "Lightfoot Changes 'Edmund Fitzgerald' Lyric", "Instrumented Sled, ROV Join to Provide Enhanced Images of, "Shipwreck Overshadowed Fitzgerald's Legacy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald&oldid=1131231124, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Edmund Fitzgerald, president of Northwestern Mutual, Fitz, Mighty Fitz, Big Fitz, Pride of the American Side, Toledo Express, Titanic of the Great Lakes, Lost with all hands (29 crew) in a storm, November 10, 1975, Single fixed pitch 19.5ft (5.9m) propeller. [29] By November 1975, Edmund Fitzgerald had logged an estimated 748round trips on the Great Lakes and covered more than a million miles, "a distance roughly equivalent to 44trips around the world."[33]. A Historic Iron Ore Freighter. No distress signal was received, and ten minutes later, Arthur M. Anderson lost the ability either to reach Edmund Fitzgerald by radio or to detect her on radar. Sister Lakes Postcard, Collectible Chautauqua Lake Postcards, [9], Edmund Fitzgerald left Superior, Wisconsin, at 2:15p.m. on the afternoon of November 9, 1975,[37] under the command of Captain Ernest M. McSorley. SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in Lake Superior during a storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29 men. Whitefish Point is the site of the Whitefish Point Light Station and Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. "[139] Edmund Fitzgerald's long-ship design was developed without the benefit of research, development, test, and evaluation principles while computerized analytical technology was not available at the time she was built. [4] The vessel ran aground in 1969, and she collided with SS Hochelaga in 1970. Edmund Fitzgerald reported winds of 52 knots (96km/h; 60mph) and waves 10 feet (3.0m) high. In 1957 the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance . The final voyage of Edmund Fitzgerald, that commenced on November 9th, 1975, and its subsequent disappearance, are extremely mysterious. [18] In 1969, the ship's maneuverability was improved by the installation of a diesel-powered bow thruster. The Edmund Fitzgerald was a Great Lakes freighter that sank in a storm on November 14, 1975, and few understand what happened to cause the freighter to sink.. Despite the passage of time, the story of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald continues to fascinate the residents of the Great Lakes state and beyond. [209] A "cottage industry"[210] has evolved across the Great Lakes region from Two Harbors, Minnesota, to Whitefish Point, the incident's "ground zero". [40] The weather forecast was not unusual for November and the National Weather Service (NWS) predicted that a storm would pass just south of Lake Superior by 7a.m. on November 10. However, the event didn't go as smoothly as anyone hoped. Captained by Ernest M. McSorley, Fitzgerald left the Burlington Northern Railroad Dock 1 in Superior Wisconsin. He concluded that the topside damage Edmund Fitzgerald experienced at 3:30p.m. on November 10, compounded by the heavy seas, was the most obvious explanation for why she sank. Captain McSorley said he did not like the action of a ship he described as a "wiggling thing" that scared him. Four days later, the ship was found in deep water by a US Navy aircraft. [138] He stated that planning Edmund Fitzgerald to be compatible with the constraints of the St. Lawrence Seaway had placed her hull design in a "straight jacket [sic?]. The Fitzgerald suffered from structural problems. [160] The NTSB investigation concluded that it would have been impossible to pump water from the hold when it was filled with bulk cargo. Based on the NWS forecast, Arthur M. Anderson and Edmund Fitzgerald instead started their trip across Lake Superior following the regular Lake Carriers Association route, which placed them in the path of the storm. The Fateful Journey by Sean Ley, Development Officer The final voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald began November 9, 1975 at the Burlington Northern Railroad Dock No.1, Superior, Wisconsin. In 1978, without explanation, Bethlehem Steel Corporation denied permission for the chairman of the NTSB to travel on Arthur B. Homer. His hypothesis held that Edmund Fitzgerald grounded at 9:30a.m. on November 10 on Superior Shoal. Oglebay Norton subsequently filed a petition in the U.S. District Court seeking to "limit their liability to $817,920 in connection with other suits filed by families of crew members. Edmund Fitzgerald lay about 15 miles (13nmi; 24km) west of Deadman's Cove, Ontario (about 8 miles (7.0nmi; 13km) northwest of Pancake Bay Provincial Park), 17 miles (15nmi; 27km) from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast, in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of 530 feet (160m). Her entire crew of 29 souls perished. Thompson further conjectured that damage more extensive than Captain McSorley could detect in the pilothouse let water flood the cargo hold. She became known as the "Pride of the American Side". [153], After Edmund Fitzgerald foundered, Great Lakes shipping companies were accused of valuing cargo payloads more than human life,[154] since the vessel's cargo hold of 860,950 cubic feet (24,379m3) had been divided by two non-watertight traverse "screen" bulkheads. The ship's esteemed history is overshadowed by the tragedy that sent the vessel plunging to the bottom of Lake Superior with all 29 crew . The Birth Of The Largest Ship Plying The Great Lakes. [63] The initial search for survivors was carried out by Arthur M. Anderson, and a second freighter, SSWilliam Clay Ford. [74], The Michigan Sea Grant Program organized a three-day dive to survey Edmund Fitzgerald in 1989. The National Weather Service issues . He told them that Edmund Fitzgerald's foundering was caused by negligence. First voyage: Sept. 24, 1958. [84] Shannon determined that based on GPS coordinates from the 1994 Deepquest expedition, "at least one-third of the two acres of immediate wreckage containing the two major portions of the vessel is in U.S. waters because of an error in the position of the U.S.Canada boundary line shown on official lake charts. [106] The analysis further showed that the maximum sustained winds reached near hurricane force of about 70mph (61kn; 110km/h) with gusts to 86 miles per hour (75kn; 138km/h) at the time and location where Edmund Fitzgerald sank. [98][99] In 2009, a further amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act imposed licensing requirements on any type of surveying device. ", Lightfoot changed the third line to "At 7 p.m. it grew dark, it was then". Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes had been following and charting the low-pressure system over Oklahoma since November 8 and concluded that a major storm would track across eastern Lake Superior. No story attests to the power of the lake better than the story of the Edmund Fitzgerald that stormy night out there. 9 was not detailed enough to indicate Six Fathom Shoal as a hazard to navigation.[146]. [102] Analysis of the simulation showed that two separate areas of high wind appeared over Lake Superior at 4:00p.m. on November 10. As a workhorse, she set seasonal haul records six times, often breaking her own record. The ship was carrying a cargo of iron ore pellets weighing about 26,100 tons, and it left from Superior, Wisconsin, heading to the steel mill on Zug Island. [162], The USCG increased Edmund Fitzgerald's load line in 1969, 1971, and 1973 to allow 3feet 3.25inches (997mm) less minimum freeboard than Edmund Fitzgerald's original design allowed in 1958. [4] For 17 years, Edmund Fitzgerald carried taconite from Minnesota's Iron Range mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Toledo, and other ports. She was used to carry taconite from mines near Duluth, Minnesota to iron works in Detroit, Toledo and other ports. The journey ended about 17 miles north-northwest of . The USCG cited topside damage as a reasonable alternative reason for Edmund Fitzgerald sinking and surmised that damage to the fence rail and vents was possibly caused by a heavy floating object such as a log. That ship, The Edmund Fitzgerald now lye in the depths of the Superior. In 1976, Ontario singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot wrote, composed, and recorded the song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" for his album Summertime Dream. This ship will have the unique opportunity to commemorate a . He said: The Great Lakes ore carrier is the most commercially efficient vessel in the shipping trade today. On November 9, 1975, the Edmund Fitzgerald pushed across the waters of Lake Superior with a cargo of iron ore. A storm came up in the afternoon and pounded the ship through the night with winds up to 75 mph, blinding snow, and waves reaching 25 feet. Red, died aboard the ship Nov. 10, 1975. . The ship is scheduled to transport the cargo to Zug Island on the Detroit River. 1. Marie at 7:39p.m. on channel16, the radio distress frequency. Her destination was Zug Island on the Detroit River. The wreck hasnt been visited since they removed the ships bell in 1994 and as of 2006 Canada will fine you up to $1.2M if you are within 500m of the wreck with any kind of submersible. But even this many years later, the story still captivates the public's . It puts into perspective the sheer power of . When Bethlehem Steel Corporation permanently laid up Edmund Fitzgerald's sister ship, SS Arthur B. Homer, just five years after going to considerable expense to lengthen her, questions were raised as to whether both ships had the same structural problems. [134] After August B. Herbel Jr., president of the American Society for Testing and Materials, examined photographs of the welds on Edmund Fitzgerald, he stated, "the hull was just being held together with patching plates." [169], The NTSB investigation noted that Great Lakes cargo vessels could normally avoid severe storms and called for the establishment of a limiting sea state applicable to Great Lakes bulk cargo vessels. [90] Canadian engineer Phil Nuytten's atmospheric diving suit, known as the "Newtsuit," was used to retrieve the bell from the ship, replace it with a replica, and put a beer can in Edmund Fitzgerald's pilothouse. The Edmund Fitzgerald was lost with her entire crew of 29 men on Lake Superior November 10, 1975, 17 miles north-northwest of Whitefish Point, Michigan. He theorized that the loss of the vents resulted in flooding of two ballast tanks or a ballast tank and a walking tunnel that caused the ship to list. The Arthur M. Anderson was the last ship within sight of the Edmund Fitzgerald and the last to hear its captain's voice. SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a hurricane like storm on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975, killing the entire crew of 29. . Both the Homer and Fitzgerald were the largest iron ore carriers built on the Great Lakes. Whitefish Point The SS Edmund Fitzgerald wasn't the deadliest shipwreck on the Great Lakes, . The bow section would have had to right itself and the stern portion would have had to capsize before coming to rest on the bottom. For data concerning Canadian areas, Canadian authorities have been consulted. In this book, Joe Warren, a deckhand on Arthur M. Anderson during the November 10, 1975, storm, said that the storm changed the way things were done. 1959 and went onto be launched on November 9th, 1975, [ 37 ] Under the Ontario Act. Big Fitz sank and then they scrapped her in 1986, so in. 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